With ovarian aging, the fully glycosylated follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) variant 24 (FSH24) increases, exhibiting reduced affinity for the FSH receptor (FSHR) ( 2+ levels, along with reduced cAMP, elevate mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (Jin et al., 2022), which upregulates the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio on the mitochondrial membrane, triggering mitochondrial transmembrane potential loss and Cyt C release
Phenotypic consequences of SLC25A40-ABCB1 fusions beyond drug resistance in high-grade serous ovarian cancer
doi: 10.2337/dc24-S012 Summary Keywords exerkines, diabetic retinopathy, anti-inflammatory effect, antioxidant, neuroprotection, therapeutic strategies Citation Zhu J (2026) Exerkines in diabetic retinopathy: from mechanisms to therapeutic prospects
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