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Lehtonen JM, Forsstrom S, Bottani E et al (2016) FGF21 is a biomarker for mitochondrial translation and mtDNA maintenance disorders

Published studies may describe observable responses within specific experimental models

Glutathione is the master antioxidant but there are many other antioxidants which are helpful, including vitamin C, vitamin E, quercetin, beta glucans (eg from medicinal mushrooms), zinc, selenium, and others

Early administration of lactate in rat organotypic hippocampal slices after oxygen-glucose deprivation protected against neuronal death, decreased lesion size and showed better neurologic outcomes in a mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (Berthet et al., 2011), in mouse cortical neuron cultures (Jourdain et al., 2016) and in rat cortex in vivo (Ros et al., 2001)