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ABSTRACT Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of end-stage kidney disease and significantly increases cardiovascular risk and mortality

It is a hormone your body releases after you eat

The adiponectin gene is located on chromosome 3q26, a region highly susceptible to the development of metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Research conducted on the Pima Indians of Arizona, a population with the highest known prevalence of Type 2 diabetes, has shown low adiponectin levels are associated with insulin resistance, whereas higher concentration of adiponectin helped protect against development of Type 2 diabetes. CNIs in addition to increasing insulin resistance, induces pancreatic beta cell apoptosis if administered in large doses., resulting in decreased insulin secretion. Thus CNIs, while effective in preventing organ rejection, disrupt glucose metabolism by increasing insulin resistance and reducing insulin secretion leading to abnormalities in the glucose homeostasis (Figure 1)

Mechanism With Real Numbers The most consistently documented mechanism in the literature involves the nitric oxide (NO) system and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)