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10.1007/s00438-004-0986-8 101 PastoriG

High intracellular GSH is associated with drug resistance by promoting drug conjugation and transport-mediated efflux

If you have pernicious anemia, any kind of digestive condition, or you've had gastric surgery, your gut may not absorb B12 the way it should

Furthermore, the use of synthetic biology and metabolic engineering has further facilitated these processes, leading to significant advancements in PET biodegradation (Shi et al., 2023), dual-enzyme systems (Xue et al., 2024), and microbial consortia (Salinas et al., 2025), which have demonstrated significant potential in overcoming critical barriers such as intermediate metabolite accumulation and hydrophobic substrate interactions