This enhancement is attributed to GSH, a triol tripeptide (-glutamylcysteinylglycine), known as a non-protein sulphydryl component that plays an important part in detoxification and acts as an antioxidant to maintain intracellular redox conditions
First, autophagy plays a protective role by inhibiting oxidative damage and apoptosis in CuSO 4 -induced testicular injury and spermatogenesis disruption, and second, autophagy plays an adverse role by promoting ferroptosis, thus aggravating the toxicity caused by CuSO 4 [100]
Further, the peptide has also been found to exert antioxidant effects, while inhibiting carcinogenic receptor expression, giving it anti-tumor effects in breast and colorectal cancer [5, 6]
Thus, exogenous glutathione may improve the non-effective effect oxygen utilization by aged myocardium probably effecting mitochondrial function and metabolism