High levels of fumarate accumulate and act as oncometabolites, which often result in dysregulation of cellular functions in SDH- or FH-deficient cells [1]
Reported molecular endpoints include VEGFR2 expression and internalisation, FAK and paxillin phosphorylation, growth hormone receptor expression in tendon fibroblasts, and Egr-1 pathway activity
While glutathione is generally well-tolerated, some users may experience mild digestive discomfort, headaches, or skin rashes when first starting supplementation
39 Because belly fat is closely tied to insulin resistance, inflammation, and heart disease risk (the hallmarks of metabolic syndrome), smaller waist circumference suggests that glutathione may help improve not just body composition, but also overall metabolic health