Conversely, if the flow rate is too high, intact resin beads may be flushed out of the tank, and the excessive force can also lead to resin breakage
Collectively, these studies support the versatile antibacterial potential of CQDs through various mechanisms, however, most evidence remains derived from in vitro systems, with limited in vivo validation and safety profiling, highlighting the need for further evaluation prior to clinical translation
Local application options and antibacterial activity are the main advantages reported in numerous studies for such biopolymers (Wu et al., 2022
Use single-dose vials when possible, alcohol swabs, syringes with caps, and proper sharps disposal