(2025) doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.4789 Summary Keywords alcohol use, All of Us cohort, cocaine dependence, drug repurposing, GLP-1 receptor agonists, nicotine dependence, opioid use, substance use disorders Citation Abegaz TM, Ahmed M, Bhagavathula AS and Frietze G (2026) Association between GLP-1 receptor agonist use and substance use disorders among individuals with type 2 diabetes or obesity: a nested case-control study in the All of Us research program
GLP-1 receptor agonist medications include: Wegovy* and Ozempic* (Semaglutide) Zepound* and Mounjaro* (Tirzepatide) Saxenda* and Victoza* (Liraglutide) *Wegovy, Ozempic, Zepbound, Mounjaro, Saxenda and Victoza are registered trademarks of their respective owners
Long-term cardiovascular safety is not established: This is an important limitation noted in prescribing information
Each 10mL vial reconstitutes 3-5 peptide vials depending on protocols