That suggests caffeine alone is unlikely to explain the results
SS-31 Elamipretide (MOTS-c replacement) : SS-31 (Elamipretide) (a synthetic tetrapeptide) acts as a mitochondrial targeted peptide, similar to MOTS-c, and is primarily used for its protective effects on mitochondria, enhancing energy metabolism and cellular function
Biotin Injection Dosage, Concentration, Route of Administration Dosage: Seek advice from an appropriately qualified and licensed physician, medical director or other healthcare provider Concentration: 0.5mg/ml Route of administration: IV, IM Resources: Precautions/Side Effects Speak with your healthcare provider if you are currently taking certain medications that can lower your blood levels of biotin, such as carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, or primidone
suis DNA extraction and Quantitative-PCR were performed on the DNA samples as described previously 56,57