Access this article Similar content being viewed by others Data Availability Not applicable
10.1089/cap.2015.0159 24 JamesS
Systematic reviews identify 36 studies demonstrating that BPC-157 improves functional, structural, and biomechanical outcomes across muscle, tendon, ligament, and bone injuries in preclinical models, with the peptide enhancing collagen synthesis, improving tensile strength, and accelerating cellular proliferation in tendon fibroblasts through FAK-paxillin pathway activation critical for cellular adhesion, migration, proliferation, and survival
For example, ES-exposed offspring exhibited increased ROS [195], decreased ATP production [195, 196], higher oxidative stress [197] and decreased antioxidant levels [196] and altered mitochondrial gene expression [198] in the hippocampus when compared to controls