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Mitochondrial involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Sadhu PS, Kumar SN, Chandrasekharam M, Pica-Mattoccia L, Cioli D, Rao VJ

stenotic atherosclerosis of renal arteries causes renal atrophy owing to chronic ischaemia Tubular crystallopathy type 2 involves crystals of endogenous metabolites, minerals or proteins or exogenous drugs and toxins and causes acute necroinflammation, tubule obstruction or crystal granuloma formation and chronic tissue remodelling In urolithiasis (type 3 crystallopathy), crystals form at the papilla or in the ducts of Bellini and grow to form calculi and stones, which cause colic, infections, and obstruction-related nephron loss The molecular mechanisms of crystal-induced tissue injury and remodeling have become an exciting area of basic and translational research Abstract Crystals can trigger a wide range of kidney injuries that can lead to acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, renal colic or nephrocalcinosis, depending on the localization and dynamics of crystal deposition

In general, these had significant side effects and we now have better options available