Five studies of BPC-157 reviewed by the FDA were of short duration, had small sample sizes and evaluated doses that were likely exploratory in nature, an agency reviewer said
For Gut Health: Initial Response: People using BPC-157 for gut-related issues (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome, ulcers, or leaky gut) may experience relief from symptoms like bloating, discomfort, and digestive issues within 1 to 2 weeks
Additionally, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 2,588 healthy older adults with mild hyperhomocysteinemia found that daily supplementation with 500 g of vitamin B 12 and 400 g of folic acid for two years reduced blood homocysteine concentrations but had no benefit on depressive symptoms in those with or without depressive symptoms at baseline (110)
For most people dealing with lower back pain, abdominal injections work perfectly well