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The gut microbial metabolite phenylacetylglutamine increases susceptibility to atrial fibrillation after myocardial infarction through ferroptosis and NLRP3 inflammasome

By slowing gastric emptying and acting on brain receptors to signal fullness, GLP-1 peptides further enhance feelings of satiety, reducing the urge to overeat

glucose load namely the incretin effect declines with progression of hyperglycemia to overt diabetes in both youths and adults (25)

The third mechanism whereby diabetes upregulates ANGII/AT1R is ACE2 downregulation, resulting in local ANG (1-7) reduction and, consequently, in an imbalance of the RAS