Studies have demonstrated that AST can shield keratinocytes from damage caused by ultraviolet exposure by reducing the levels of oxidative markers, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and pro-inflammatory markers like IL-1 and TNF- (Yoshihisa et al., 2014)
Wu WK, Chen CC, Liu PY, Panyod S, Liao BY, Chen PC, Kao HL, Kuo HC, Kuo CH, Chiu THT, et al
According to one theory, insulin resistance results from the buildup of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in non-adipose tissue organs including the liver and skeletal muscle caused by adipose tissue malfunction, which causes an excess of NEFA in the blood (115) (Figure 2)
Dosage and supplements Because L-theanine is almost exclusively found in tea leaves, it can be hard to get enough from foods and drinks alone to notice its positive effects