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Patient-specific factors include age (older adults have more fragile blood vessels and thinner skin), genetic predisposition to easy bruising, nutritional status, and underlying medical conditions affecting coagulation or vascular integrity
The blood test, delivered every four months, tracks 17 biomarkers including HbA1c, ApoB, hs-CRP, and hormonal markers such as DHEA-S, testosterone, and estradiol
To reduce the selection bias and observed confounding between the two groups, inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) [21] was derived by conducting a regularized logistic regression with elastic net penalty on the semaglutide group vs DPP4i group with the following variables: age, race and ethnicity, index year, payer type, CCI, DCSI, glucose-lowering medications, baseline HbA1c level, baseline BMI and obesity diagnosis, health care utilization at baseline, comorbidities, and other medications at baseline