Can stress or vitamin deficiency cause dark spots in the mouth
Ostadmohammadi V, Soleimani A, Bahmani F et al (2020) The effects of melatonin supplementation on parameters of mental health, glycemic control, markers of cardiometabolic risk, and oxidative stress in diabetic Hemodialysis patients: A randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled trial
Beyond the gut, FMT provides many improvements in the brain, including reversing cognitive decline, neuroprotective mechanisms by reducing alpha-synuclein accumulation, and restoring striatal levels of dopamine and serotonin (Hashish and Salama, 2023)
We also thank the National Institutes of Healths All of Us Research Program for making available the participant data examined in this study