While predominantly a pulsatile, rather than continuous, phenomenon, gastric emptying of most nutrients approximates an overall linear pattern (in the case of solids following an initial lag phase of 2030 min), ranging between 4 and 17 kJ/min (14 kcal/min) in healthy individuals [6, 8]
Taken together, evidence from neuroscience, human research, and clinical practice suggests meaningful overlap between obesity and addiction-related mechanisms. Lorenzo Leggio, MD, PhD, clinical director, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, Md
Nov 2021;8(2)doi:10.1136/openhrt-2021-001715 Poterucha TJ, Goldhaber SZ
Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction Many disorders, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, CVD, renal failure, and ischemiareperfusion damage, are primarily caused by endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress