Dietary Sources for Vitamin B12 and D3 Vitamin B12 Red meat (beef, lamb) Poultry Fish (salmon, tuna, sardines) Eggs Dairy products (milk, yogurt, cheese) Fortified cereals and plant-based milks Vitamin D3 Sunlight exposure (primary source) Fatty fish (salmon, sardines, mackerel) Egg yolk Cod liver oil Fortified dairy and cereals Despite these sources, multiple studies show that diet alone often fails to meet optimal levels, making vitamin d3 and b12 together supplementation common
In this context, the peptidase, DJ-1 could have a prominent role because it possess reactive cysteines and is a modulator of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy (Thomas et al., 2011)
Future research should investigate the cellular signaling pathways connected to the components present in okra peel to identify which contribute to its effects (Prom-In et al., 2020)
Finally, we comment on the interrelatedness of vegetarianism, vitamin B 12 deficiency and diabetes