Unlike many nutrients, B12 is produced exclusively by bacteria and obtained primarily through animal-based foods including meat, fish, eggs, and dairy products
Most people get enough from diet, but older adults, vegans, and those with certain medical conditions may require supplementation
Sublingual B12, which bypasses the gastrointestinal tract, is the least invasive and potentially most cost-effective option, especially for individuals with impaired absorption, making it an attractive alternative for long-term and patient-friendly management ( Supplementation may involve various forms of cobalamin: adenosylcobalamin, cyanocobalamin, methylcobalamin, or hydroxocobalamin
This is especially relevant if you: follow a restrictive diet, like a vegan diet are over the age of 60 are pregnant or nursing have a medical condition that can deplete B12 levels take a B12-depleting medication, like metformin or proton pump inhibitors In addition to learning about your symptoms and giving you a physical exam, a healthcare professional can rule out a B12 deficiency by ordering various blood tests( If youre diagnosed with too low B12 levels, your healthcare professional will recommend the most appropriate treatment