GLP-1 receptor agonists work by: Stimulating insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells in a glucose-dependent manner, which helps regulate blood sugar levels Slowing gastric emptying , meaning food remains in the stomach longer, promoting feelings of fullness Acting on appetite centres in the brain , particularly the hypothalamus, to reduce hunger signals and food cravings Decreasing glucagon secretion , which helps prevent excessive glucose production by the liver Most GLP-1 agonists are administered via subcutaneous injection, typically once weekly or once daily depending on the specific formulation, though oral semaglutide (Rybelsus) is also available
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Semaglutide is available as both tablets and injections, while tirzepatide is only available as an injection
Deng YQ, Xu GG, Duan P, Zhang Q, Wang JZ