569 Their chemical structure, dosage form, and administration route are the main determinants of their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, thereby affecting their efficacy and safety
Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide molecule made from three amino acids: Cysteine (rate-limiting amino acid-contains sulfur) Glycine Glutamate It exists in two forms: Reduced glutathione (GSH) : Active form, the antioxidant Oxidized glutathione (GSSG) : Inactive form, created when GSH neutralizes free radicals The GSH:GSSG ratio is a critical marker of oxidative stress
Foods rich in fiber such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, flaxseeds, chia seeds, and legumes help stimulate natural GLP-1 production by supporting gut bacteria
Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot assay Total RNA was extracted using Trizol reagent (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturers instructions protocol