Tribulus is high in compounds known as steroidal saponins, including protodioscin, which is thought to contribute to its therapeutic properties
In ALS, reduced astrocytic EAAT2 levels and altered microRNA regulation (e.g., increased miR-218 and decreased miR-124a) result in the accumulation of EAAT2-derived toxic species, accumulation of glutamate, and motor neuron degeneration
Science 212 , 628635 (1981)
During this process, PLA particles were colonized by gut microbes, forming surface biofilms and increasing pullulanase activityan enzyme that degrades branched polysaccharidesthe authors suggested this may have broken down PLA into smaller carbon-rich molecules, potentially supporting Bifidobacterium growth, without triggering pathogenic overgrowth or inflammatory responses (Jimnez-Arroyo et al., 2023)