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In cultured human keratinocytes exposed to UVB radiation (a standard oxidative stress model), pre-treatment with 10 nM GHK-Cu resulted in: 2.8-fold increase in glutathione reductase mRNA (the enzyme regenerating reduced glutathione from its oxidized form) 2.3-fold increase in catalase expression (HO decomposition) 1.9-fold increase in ferritin heavy chain (sequestering iron, another Fenton-active metal) 62% reduction in 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels, a DNA oxidative damage marker The protective effect disappeared when using copper-free GHK or copper chloride alone, confirming the intact peptide-copper complex is required
and (3) improved e-commerce access to niche nutricosmetic categories previously limited to dermatology clinics or specialty retailers
Barsyte-Lovejoy D, Lau SK, Boutros PC, Khosravi F, Jurisica I, Andrulis IL, Tsao MS, Penn LZ
It is mainly found in foods of animal origin (meat and dairy), and the body can also synthesise it in limited amounts
