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A 2023 FDA warning letter to a 503B outsourcing facility cited peptide products with sub-potent active ingredient and inadequate sterility assurance [8]

The primary molecular actions relevant to skin are: modulation of TGF- signaling (upregulating TGF-1 for collagen I/III synthesis while suppressing TGF-2 to prevent scarring), decorin upregulation for orderly collagen fibril assembly, MMP suppression paired with TIMP upregulation to preserve ECM integrity, and copper-dependent lysyl oxidase activation for collagen crosslinking

The initial findings were so impressive that some researchers suggested BPC-157 could be the prototype of a new class of organoprotective agents. There were still many unanswered questions, though: Would other studies replicate these findings

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