TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry , 113 , 409425
The reasons for a vitamin B12 deficiency are manifold: Unfavourable eating habits (for example fast food and convenience food), absorption disorders in older age, a strict vegetarian diet or certain intestinal diseases are frequent causes
In general, most people can expect the effects of a B12 injection to last for several weeks to months
Front Chem 11:1283924 Lee J, Yu K, Davaa E, Jenjob R, Tran PH, Ryu D et al (2025) Autophagy-regulating, photothermal polydopamine-coated, and photodynamic zirconium/porphyrin-framed metalorganic frameworks for enhanced doxorubicin therapy in colon cancer