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Advantage: Convenient, familiar, non-invasive Challenge: Peptides face proteolytic degradation in the stomach and small intestine Bioavailability: Estimated at approximately 38% based on comparative pharmacology (see below) Transdermal (Patch) Some researchers have explored transdermal patches to deliver peptides: Advantage: Avoids first-pass metabolism and GI degradation Challenge: Intact skin is a strong barrier to peptide penetration Feasibility: Not commonly available commercially
doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2011.12.046
If supplementation is responsible, your doctor may recommend reducing or stopping non-essential B12 intake, with repeat testing after an appropriate interval (typically 2-3 months, or longer if you've had recent injections or have kidney disease)
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